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Sufi Biography:
Dawud al-Ta’i (Daud
al Tai)
Abu Solaiman
Dawud ibn Nosair al-Ta’i of Kufa was a man of notable erudition, a pupil
of Abu Hanifa; he was converted to the ascetic life by Habib al-Ra’i and
threw all his books into the Euphrates. He died between 160 (777) and
165 (782)
The poverty of
Dawud-e Ta’i
From the beginning Dawud-e Ta’i was overwhelmed by an inner grief and
always avoided the society of his fellow
creatures. The cause of his conversion was that he heard a
mourning-woman recite these verses.
On which of your cheeks has decay begun, And which of your eyes has
started to run?
Great sorrow invaded his heart, and all comp osure deserted’ him. In
this state he went to lessons with his
teacher Abu Hanifa. “What has transpired with you?” Abu Hanifa asked.
Dawud related to him the foregoing incident.
“The world has lost its attractions for me,” he added.; “Something has
happened inside of me which I
cannot under-~ stand, nor can I discover an explanation of it in
any book ort legal pronouncement.” “Turn away from other men,” Abu
Hanifa prescribed.
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So Dawud
turned his face from other men and shut himself up in his house.
After a long interval, Abu
Hanifa went to see him. “This is not the solution, for you to
hide in your house and utter not a word. The proper course is
for you to sit at the feet of the imams and listen to them
propounding novel ideas. You should attend to what
they have to say patiently, uttering not a word. Then you will
know those problems better than they.”
Recognizing the good sense of what Abu Hanifa said, Dawud
resumed his studies |
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For a year he sat at
the feet of the imams, never opening his mouth and accepting their
pronouncements with patience, being content simply to listen and not to
reply. “This one year’s patience,” he remarked at the end of
that’ time, “is equivalent to thirty years’ strenuous work.”
He then encountered Habib-e Ra’i, who initiated him into the mystic
path. He set forth upon it manfully.
He flung his books into the river, went into retirement and cut off all
expectation of other men.
Now he had received twenty dinars as an inheritance.These he consumed in
twenty years. Certain of
the shaikhs reproved him for this. “The path stands for giving to
others, not keeping to
oneself.”
“I hold on to this amount to secure my peace of mind,” he explained. “I
can make do with this until I
die.”
He spared himself no austerity, to such an extent that he would dip
bread in water and then sip the
water, saying, “Between this and eating the bread I can recite fifty
verses of the Koran. Why should I waste my
life?” Abu Bakr-e Aiyash reports, “I went to Dawud’s chamber and saw him
holding a piece of dry bread and
weeping. ‘What has happened, Dawud?’ I asked. ‘I want to eat this piece
of bread,’ he replied, ‘and I do
not know whether it is hallowed or unhallowed.”’ Another reports, “I
called on him, and saw a pitcher
of water placed in the sun. I asked, ‘Why do you not place it in the
shade?’ ‘When I put it there, it was in the
shade,’ he replied. ‘Now I am too ashamed before God to indulge
myself.’”
Anecdotes of Dawud
It is said that Dawud owned a great palace with many apartments. He
would occupy one apartment until it
fell into ruins; then he would move to another apartment . “Why do you
not repair the apartment?” he was
asked.
‘I have made a covenant with God not to repair this world,” he replied.
Gradually the whole palace collapsed, nothing remaining except the
portico. On the night on which
Dawud died, the portico also fell in. “The roof of the apartment is
broken,” remarked
another visitor. “It is about to fall.” ‘] have not looked at this roof
for twenty years,”
answered Dawud. “Why do you not marry?” Dawud was asked.
“I do not wish to deceive a believing woman,” he replied.
“How is that?”
“If I propose to a woman,” Dawud explained, “that will mean that I have
undertaken to manage her affairs.
Since I cannot attend both to my religious duties and the world, that
means that I will have deceived her.”
“Well, at least comb your beard,” they said. “That implies being at
leisure to do it,” he answered.
One moonlit night Dawud went up on his roof and gazed at the sky. He
fell to meditating on the splendor
of God’s kingdom, and wept until he was beside himself. He fell off on
to the roof of his neighbour. The latter,
thinking that a thief was on his roof, rushed up with a sword. Seeing
Dawud there, he took him by the
hand.
“Who threw you down here?” he asked. “I do not know,” Dawud replied. “I
was beside
myself. I have no idea at all.” Once Dawud was seen running to prayers.
“What is the hurry?” he was asked. “This army at the gates of the city,”
he replied.
“They are waiting for me.” “Which army?” they exclaimed.
“The men of the tombs,” he replied. Harun al-Rashid asked Abu Yusof to
take him to
visit Dawud. Abu Yusof went to Dawud’s house, but was refused admission.
He begged Dawud’s mother to
intercede. “Admit him,” his mother pleaded.
“What business have I with worldlings and evildoers?”
Dawud replied, refusing to comply.
“I implore you, by the right of my milk, admit him,”
his mother said.
“O God,” said Dawud, “Thou hast said, ‘Observe the right of thy mother,
for My good pleasure is in her
good pleasure.’ Otherwise, what business have I with them?
He then granted audience. They entered and seated themselves. Dawud
began to preach, and Harun wept
copiously. When he withdrew, he put down a gold moidore.
“This is hallowed,” he said. “Remove it,” Dawud said. “I have no need of
it. I
sold a house which was mine by hallowed inheritance, and live on the
proceeds. I have asked God that when
that money is spent He shall take my soul, so that I may not be in need
of any man. I am hopeful that God
has answered my prayer.” Harun and Abu Yusof then returned to the
palace.
Abu Yusof went to see the keeper of the purse. “How much is left of
Dawud’s money?” he asked.
“Two dirhams,” the keeper replied. “He has been spending a silver penny
daily.”
Abu Yusof calculated. Another day, standing with his back to the
prayer-niche, he announced, “Today
Dawud has died.” Enquiry was made, and it was found to be so.
“How did you know?” they asked. “I calculated from his expenditure that
today nothing
remained to him,” Abu Yusof explained. “I knew that his prayer would be
answered.”
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